A century of evolution of electric bicycles

In the wave of electric bicycle technology breakthroughs, Ecoe 5000W dual-motor electric bicycle has redefined the industry benchmark as a disruptor:

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Core parameters:
Dual motors work together to output 5000W peak power
60V 32Ah lithium battery pack achieves 80km pure electric range
40° steep slope conquering ability and 200N・m torque
All-terrain dual suspension system + hydraulic disc brake combination

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Riding experience:
In the actual test in Huangshan, the dual motor drive can easily cope with continuous curves with a slope of 15%, and the intelligent torque distribution system ensures power stability under complex road conditions. The combination of all-terrain tires and dual suspension systems reduces the bumpy feeling on cobblestone roads by more than 70%. The three-mode switching (pure electric/power-assisted/manpowered) design not only meets the needs of racing, but also can extend the range to 120km through the manpower mode.

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Germination period: from laboratory to commercialization
In 1895, American engineer Ogden Bolton Jr. integrated the DC hub motor into the rear wheel of the bicycle and obtained the first electric bicycle patent in human history. However, due to the heavy weight (30kg) and endurance (10km) of lead-acid batteries, this invention remained in the experimental stage.
Technological breakthrough:
In 1983, Shanghai Yongjiu launched the first DX-130 electric bicycle, which uses a 150W cylindrical motor and a 24V lead-acid battery
In 1994, Japan’s Yamaha released the world’s first commercialized electric bicycle PAS series, introducing torque sensors to achieve coordinated human and electric drive
Market dilemma:
Early products only existed as niche commuting tools due to short battery life (about 50 charges and discharges) and weak climbing ability (<15°). In 1998, annual sales in the Chinese market were less than 50,000 units.

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Explosive period: technology iteration and policy game
After 2000, breakthroughs in brushless motor and lithium battery technology promoted qualitative changes in the industry:
In 2004, China’s electric bicycle sales exceeded 7.5 million units, becoming an alternative to motorcycles
In 2013, the output reached 30 million units, with a ownership of over 200 million, covering 90% of urban and rural areas
Industry pain points:
In 2014, battery spontaneous combustion accidents occurred in many places, exposing the lack of industry access standards
Illegal modification caused some vehicles to exceed 100km/h, and the traffic accident rate increased by 37%

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Mature period: Standard reconstruction and safety revolution
The implementation of the “New National Standard” (GB 17761-2018) in 2019 marked the industry’s entry into a standardized development stage:
Pedal riding function is mandatory, the vehicle mass is ≤55kg, and the speed is ≤25km/h
Introduction of 3C certification and fire retardant standards, battery nominal voltage limit 48V
Technological innovation:
The efficiency of the mid-mounted motor is increased to 92% (about 85% for the hub motor)
The energy density of the lithium battery exceeds 200Wh/kg, and the number of cycles reaches 1,000 times

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The sine wave controller reduces the noise to below 65dB
Policy deepening:
In 2024, the “Safety Technical Specifications for Lithium-ion Batteries for Electric Bicycles” will be implemented, and the standard for the battery thermal runaway warning system will be established. In the national safety rectification campaign carried out in the same year, 237 illegally modified vehicles were investigated and dealt with in Haidian District, Beijing alone, involving illegal installation of batteries, frame strengthening and other issues.

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Evolution of the global market landscape
Europe: In 2024, the penetration rate of electric bicycles in the Netherlands reached 65%, and the government subsidy was up to 1,000 euros per vehicle
China: In 2023, the export volume exceeded US$5 billion, and the Southeast Asian market grew by 32%
Japan: In 2024, lithium battery electric bicycles accounted for more than 40%, but due to strict regulations, the maximum speed was controlled at 16km/h

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Safety challenges and future directions
In 2024, there were 23,000 electric bicycle fires in the country, and battery thermal runaway accounted for 65.6%. The industry is solving the safety dilemma through three major paths:
Technology upgrade: A breakthrough has been made in the research and development of solid-state batteries, and a certain brand has achieved a 1,000km endurance prototype
Intelligent monitoring: AI algorithms monitor battery status in real time, with an early warning accuracy rate of 98.7%
Charging network: Beijing plans to build 500,000 public charging piles by 2025, achieving a 3:1 car-to-pile ratio